Dalam dunia manajemen sumber daya manusia, perusahaan umumnya menginginkan karyawan yang loyal dan berkomitmen pada perusahaan. Hal ini bukanlah tanpa alasan. Karyawan yang menunjukkan komitmen pada tempat kerjanya berarti bahwa perusahaan akan mengeluarkan lebih sedikit biaya dalam merekrut karyawan, dapat berfokus pada kegiatan operasional, dan bahkan dapat memiliki keunggulan tersendiri apabila karyawannya merupakan talenta. Apabila ada terlalu banyak karyawan yang keluar dan masuk, maka hal ini tentunya akan menghambat operasional sehari-hari perusahaan, yang berdampak pada produktivitas secara keseluruhan.
Meski ada kalanya karyawan – terutama karyawan potensial – memutuskan untuk resign dari tempat kerjanya. Kehilangan karyawan potensial tentu saja memiliki dampak signifikan bagi perusahaan, dikarenakan tidak jarang karyawan memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan langka. Oleh sebab itu, memahami proses psikologis di balik keputusan resign seorang karyawan dapat memberikan masukan yang berharga bagi perusahaan.
The Unfolding Model: Ketika Keputusan Resign Dipicu oleh Kejadian Signifikan
Pandangan umum atas alasan karyawan untuk resign adalah perasaan tidak puas dengan tempat kerja. Secara sederhana, karyawan akan bertahan di organisasi apabila imbalan yang mereka terima setara dengan kontribusi dan harapan mereka. Meski demikian sebuah model yang dikembangkan oleh Terence R. Mitchell dan Thomas W. Lee dari University of Washington Seattle memberikan gagasan alternatif atas proses resign karyawan. Dikenal dengan Unfolding Model, model ini menyampaikan bahwa, seseorang dapat memiliki intensi untuk resign setelah mengalami suatu kejadian signifikan, yang dikenal dengan kejutan (shock). Kejadian ini dapat berupa hal yang positif (semisal menikah), negatif (seperti masalah dengan rekan kerja atau atasan), atau netral (semisal memperoleh tawaran pekerjaan di tempat lain). Kejadian tersebut mendorong munculnya proses pemikiran dan emosional, yang kemudian akan mendorongnya mencari alternatif tempat kerjanya serta pada akhirnya, berkontribusi pada keputusan keluar.
Secara umum, terdapat 4 kategori kejadian yang dapat memicu intensi atas resign.
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Kejadian yang sudah direncanakan. Pada kategori ini, karyawan sudah memiliki rencana atau ekspektasi bahwa ia akan resign apabila ia mengalami suatu kejadian. Sebagai contoh, ia mungkin sudah memiliki rencana akan resign apabila hamil. Saat ia mengetahui bahwa ia hamil, maka, ia akan secara otomatis mengajukan resign, terkadang bahkan tanpa mencari alternatif pekerjaan.
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Kejadian tidak direncanakan yang bertentangan dengan nilai ideal karyawan. Pada kategori ini, karyawan mungkin sebelumnya tidak memiliki rencana atau ekspektasi akan resign, tetapi ia mengalami kejadian yang diinterpretasikan merupakan hal yang negatif atau bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai personalnya. Sebagai contoh, seorang karyawan memperoleh atasan atau rekan kerja baru di tim yang sering mengambil pengakuan atas idenya. Hal ini bertentangan dengan pandangannya mengenai tim dan atasan yang suportif, yang membuatnya menjadi tidak puas dengan pekerjaannya dan mempertimbangkan untuk resign.
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Kejadian tidak direncanakan yang membuat karyawan membandingkan situasi atau pekerjaannya. Pada kategori ini, karyawan mungkin sebelumnya juga tidak memiliki rencana atau ekspektasi akan resign, tetapi ia mengalami kejadian atau memperoleh informasi yang membuatnya memiliki perbandingan atas situasinya saat ini. Sebagai contoh, ia menerima tawaran pekerjaan di tempat lain, yang lantas membuatnya mempertimbangkan untuk resign.
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Kumpulan kejadian-kejadian kecil yang membuat karyawan merasa tidak puas dengan pekerjaannya. Pada kategori ini, karyawan tidak mengalami kejadian yang mengejutkan (shock) , tetapi, ia secara terus-menerus mengalami kejadian yang menimbulkan ketidakpuasan dalam pekerjaan. Sebagai contoh, ia mungkin secara berkala mengalami keterlambatan pembayaran gaji, atau merasa bahwa beban kerjanya sering kali tidak sepadan dengan upahnya. Hal Ini dapat mendorong karyawan untuk mempertimbangkan resign. Karyawan bisa jadi akan langsung resign tanpa mencari alternatif pekerjaan, atau ia mungkin akan mencari alternatif terlebih dahulu sebelum resign.
Bagaimana Mempertahankan Karyawan dengan Job Embeddedness
Setelah memahami mengenai proses resign karyawan, maka perusahaan perlu mencari tahu faktor-faktor apa yang dapat membuat karyawan bertahan. Salah satu perspektif tersebut adalah Job Embeddedness. Konsep ini juga disampaikan oleh Terence R. Mitchell dan Thomas W. Lee. Dalam perspektif ini, alasan seseorang resign dari pekerjaannya lebih sering disebabkan oleh kejadian yang mengejutkan daripada ketidakpuasan atas pekerjaan itu sendiri. Oleh sebab itu, faktor di luar pekerjaan, kecocokan dengan pekerjaan, dan kedekatan dengan berbagai entitas di organisasi dan komunitas dapat juga berdampak pada keputusan resign.
Terdapat tiga dimensi dari Job Embeddedness
1. Link,
Link atau hubungan formal atau informal seseorang dengan orang lain atau kelompok di pekerjaan dan di komunitas, baik di dalam pekerjaan atau di luar pekerjaan. Hal Ini dapat berarti rekan kerja, tim, atasan, teman, keluarga, tim, dan sebagainya. Jejaring seseorang di tempat kerja sama pentingnya dengan di luar tempat kerja. Meninggalkan suatu pekerjaan dapat membuat karyawan terpaksa meninggalkan orang-orang dan anggota tim yang dia anggap penting berharga. Bahkan tidak jarang seseorang menetap di suatu pekerjaan karena ia menyukai hubungannya dengan rekan kerja, bahkan meskipun ada hal-hal lain di organisasi yang tidak ia sukai. Di sisi lain, hubungan dengan orang lain di luar pekerjaan, seperti pasangan, anak-anak, dan orang tua juga dapat mempengaruhi keputusan apakah seseorang akan resign atau menetap. Sebagai contoh, seorang karyawan wanita mungkin akan memperitmbangkan untuk keluar dari tempat kerjanya karena harus mengikuti suaminya atau karena ia mengalami kehamilan.
2. Fit
Fit merujuk pada kompatibilitas seseorang dalam setting pekerjaan maupun di luar pekerjaan. Secara umum, perasaan bahwa seorang karyawan merasa cocok atau kompatibel dengan lingkungan tempat kerjanya (person-environment fit) akan lebih mungkin untuk membuatnya bertahan daripada resign. Persepsi atas ketidakcocokkan (mis-fit, terutama dengan nilai atau values personal, umumnya akan cenderung meningkatkan kemungkinan untuk resign.
3. Sacrifice
Sacrifice adalah keuntungan material dan psikologis yang harus ditinggalkan seseorang saat ia keluar dari pekerjaannya. Sebagai contoh, saat meninggalkan pekerjaan, seseorang mungkin akan kehilangan paket kompensasi dan benefit yang menarik, proyek yang menantang, kesempatan pelatihan dan pengembangan, stabilitas pekerjaan, dan sebagainya. Di samping aspek kompensasi dan benefit, terdapat pula aspek lain yang bersifat lebih subtle, yang dikenal dengan personal investment. Seiring waktu, personal investment cenderung meningkat apabila seseorang bertahan di tempat kerjanya, seperti waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk dapat memperoleh cuti besar.
Mengetahui alasan dan proses di balik resign-nya seorang karyawan tentunya akan sangat berguna bagi manajer dalam merencanakan dan menentukan bagaimana mereka dapat mengelola tim dan mempertahankan karyawan. Terlebih, riset membuktikan bahwa karyawan yang merasa fit dengan pekerjaan dan anggota tim akan cenderung bertahan Oleh sebab itu, asesmen dini atas potensi, kompetensi, dan kapabilitas karyawan dapat menjadi penting untuk dapat membantu mengetahui apakah karyawan akan fit dengan pekerjaan dan tempat kerjanya, yang dapat mengurangi kemungkinan karyawan untuk resign.
Ditulis oleh Herjuno Tisnoaji - Resident Assessor prasmul-eli
Analytical thinking ability is a crucial skill for you to have in the world of work.
Starting from the time of looking for a job or being a job seeker, including analytical skills can be a value in itself for you.
This ability is included in soft skills that can be obtained and developed from diverse experiences and self-reflection on work.
Having analytical thinking skills in the world of work will certainly provide benefits and help you achieve your professional goals better.
What exactly is analytical thinking and how to improve this ability? In this article, we will explain the definition of analytical thinking, the benefits it provides, and how to improve it.
Definition of Analytical Thinking
Quoted by Indeed, analytical skills are abilities that enable you to observe, research and interpret a subject to develop complex ideas and solutions.
Meanwhile, what is meant by analytical thinking is when you use these abilities simultaneously to get something done.
There are lots of jobs that require you to be able to think analytically. Not only professional, this ability will also be profitable to use in personal life.
You also can't just get analytical thinking skills. It takes trial and error and a long process before you can finally provide a solution to a particular problem.
Through experience and trial and error, those of you who have analytical thinking are people who can quickly analyze situations, topics and problems that generally occur in the world of work.
That's why having this ability will help you achieve the main goal in every job you do.
Benefits of Analytical Thinking
Analytical thinking skills will be very useful for data management and the IT field, but actually analytical skills are very valuable in various types of industries and career levels.
When you become a job seeker and have strong analytical thinking skills, companies will be more interested because these abilities have the potential to improve company operations.
The following are some of the benefits of analytical thinking:
- help perform complex tasks more effectively;
- solve complex problems in a more systematic way;
- anticipate problems and be able to plan their solutions;
- makes it easier for you to find alternatives or solution options when facing problems;
- assist in making data-based or data-based policies and decisions; And
- identify problems and resolve them effectively.
How Analytical Thinking Works
An important element in analytical thinking is the ability to identify the causes and impacts of a problem.
In a work context, when facing a problem, to apply analytical thinking, you need to first know the cause of the problem. The process for applying analytical skills is as follows:
- Identify existing topics, problems and issues.
- Gather information through tests and observations.
- Develop solutions or deepen understanding of existing topics.
- Try new solutions and ideas that have been learned.
- Review what solutions might work to assess and apply new knowledge.
How to Improve Analytical Thinking
There are several effective ways or methods to improve your analytical thinking skills. Here's how to improve it:
1. Read a Book or Play Brain Games
An important part of becoming someone who has analytical thinking is reading lots of books. Reading in your daily life will keep your mind going and force your brain to think about ideas.
Apart from that, reading can also provide a different perspective and thus broaden your way of thinking.
If you have difficulty reading these important books straight away, you can also start by playing games that train your brain.
Brain games will make you think deeper and prioritize logic. Many use this method of playing games to sharpen analytical skills.
2. Learn New Things
Continuing to learn and gain new knowledge can improve your analytical thinking skills and processes.
The more you learn, the more options and information you have in solving problems and analyzing situations.
It cannot be denied that after completing formal school/college, many people tend to become passive learners. That's why it's important to keep learning new things.
This will make you more motivated and increase knowledge that you did not know before.
3. Pay attention to details
Being more attentive to your surroundings and paying attention to details is a way to further improve your analytical thinking. Try to pay attention to the details of what is happening around you and practice being a good observer. This will help you be more sensitive in analyzing the situation.
4. Take Special Classes/Training
You can also gain knowledge and insight about analytical thinking through classes or training. Currently, of course, there are many webinars that provide learning topics related to analytical thinking and other soft skills that may be needed in the world of work.
5. Don't be afraid to ask questions
Whether during training or within the scope of work, not being afraid to ask questions and asking for mentoring from superiors or speakers is something you can do to improve this ability.
Showing what you want to know with questions will add perspective and confirm your understanding.
6. Create a framework for thinking
Analytical thinking focuses on solving problems systematically. That's why if you're still having trouble, you can create a framework for thinking.
The thinking framework aims to make it easier for you to map problems and find solutions to existing problems.
That's an explanation of analytical thinking. Apart from the ability to think analytically, at work it is also important to have a way of thinking that combines analytical thinking and more intuitive thinking such as design thinking.
The combination of the two can produce solutions as well as opportunities for more creativity and innovative ideas. You can take part in the Design Thinking for Business Innovation program to learn more about the right way of thinking in business.
What are you waiting for? Register for the Design Thinking for Business Innovation class at prasmul-eli now!
In business, the terms B2B and B2C are often used and associated with each other, although they have quite significant differences.
B2B, which means business-to-business, and B2C, which means business-to-consumer, have basic differences in terms of transactions carried out in running a business.
Understanding the differences between these two types of business will help understand and improve your business strategy. The following is a complete article about the differences between B2B and B2C.
Understanding B2B (Business-to-business)
Quoting HubSpot, B2B or business-to-business is a business where the consumers/users are other businesses. That is why, marketing carried out by B2B is aimed at consumers who buy on behalf of a particular organization or business according to the needs, interests and constraints of that organization.
In simpler terms, B2B is a business whose consumers are organizations and other business companies. B2B relationships are commercial relationships that are mutually beneficial and mutually contribute to the success of each party involved.
Some examples from B2B, namely:
- Company A needs software to help with the hiring process for the HR department.
- Interior design agency that specializes in designing office spaces.
- Use of marketing software for content strategy, SEO, and social media for the marketing department.
- A company that offers banking software and cloud services for banks and financial institutions.
Understanding B2C (Business-to-consumer)
B2C or business-to-consumer is a business where the consumers are individual consumers and not professional buyers.
Marketing carried out in B2C businesses is tailored to the needs, interests and challenges that many people face in their daily lives.
So, in B2C business, the end user or final user of a company's product/service is the individual consumer. B2C sales can also be done both online and offline.
One of the challenges in B2C businesses is that they require a special budget for marketing because they have to create good brand recognition to be able to grow and form a customer base. Some B2C examples, namely:
- A real estate agency that rents and sells homes to individuals and families.
- A music platform that sells premium features to its users individually.
6 Basic Differences between B2B and B2C
To form optimal strategic management, know the 7 basic differences between B2B and B2C below:
1. Offer
Quoting from Wall Street Mojo, the offers provided by B2B and B2C have significant differences. Of course, because they have different target audiences, what these two types of businesses offer will be different.
B2B offerings pay more attention to other business needs such as production materials, manufacturing materials, production components and others. Meanwhile, B2C offers ready-made products that are ready to use for consumers who buy them individually.
2. Goals
As understood, the aim of a B2B type of business is to provide for the needs of other organizations or companies that are still connected to the products and services they offer.
Meanwhile, for the B2C type of business, the business goal is to provide products and services that will meet the needs and desires of many individuals.
3. Focus
When carrying out transactions in B2B types of business, the focus is to form a long-term cooperative relationship between the service/product provider and the organization/company that uses it. In B2B, this approach focuses more on business relationships.
For B2C business focus, because the end user is an individual consumer, the main focus is brand recognition to form a strong customer base.
4. Business Size
Because it provides production materials and services for certain companies, it is certain that the size of the B2B business will be larger, as will the 'orders' or purchases made by consumers. For B2C itself, orders and purchases tend to be in small quantities.
5. Marketing Strategy
Forbes states that there are definitely differences in marketing strategies for B2B and B2C business types because of differences in focus and target audience.
B2B marketing will usually focus on marketing that is more long-term in nature, conveying the specialization of the products/services they offer, and the problems they solve so that they can be trusted by experts in their field.
Meanwhile, marketing strategies for B2C tend to be simpler and change more quickly. This is because their target audience is no more complex than B2B.
Unlike 'purchase' decisions in B2B which require the approval of many parties, B2C only requires the approval of the individual who needs the product/service. That way, the decision-making process will also be faster.
Marketing in B2C will prioritize content that is persuasive and shows direct benefits and ensures a satisfying consumer experience.
6. Sales Cycles
Both B2B and B2C sales have different stages, including timing and interactions that have a direct impact on the sales process.
B2B sales cycles are usually more extensive and involve a lot of effort such as networking, building good relationships with potential buyers before sales and purchases are made.
B2B buyers who are organizations/companies are also more careful so they need more information and time before making a purchase.
In contrast to B2B, B2C sales cycles tend to be simpler and do not involve many parties so purchases can be made directly. It doesn't take longer to process information.
B2C places more emphasis on brand awareness, advertising and digital marketing carried out by a business to ensure sales.
If you are managing one type of business, whether B2B or B2C, it is important to understand the differences between the two to form a more optimal strategic management.
To get a better start, you must first understand the basics of B2B and B2C before implementing appropriate strategic and marketing management.
Interested in exploring both? You can start by taking part in the Managing Strategic B2B Account program from the Prasetiya Mulya Executive Learning Institute.
From basic understanding, the differences between B2B and B2C, market mapping, targeting, to the role of branding in both businesses, you will get a comprehensive understanding.
Register for the program now!
Get to know the SMART method, here are the advantages and examples!
The SMART method is a popular and quite effective approach in formulating more specific goals.
In business, having goals is the most important part. For this reason, you must know about this method so that business goals become clearer and measurable.
By implementing it, every plan that is built has directed steps, so that the goals will be easier to achieve.
Simply put, this approach makes project management easier. To learn more about what the SMART method is, its advantages, and examples of how to apply it, see the following review.
Understanding the SMART Method
The SMART method was first introduced by George T. Doran in his journal. The title is “There's a S.M.A.R.T. Way to Write Management's Goals and Objectives”. In the journal, he said that goals must be made clear, detailed, and not floating around.
For this reason, SMART is an acronym for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely. All of these criteria combine to help focus your efforts and increase your chances of achieving your goals.
By following SMART principles, companies and individuals can create more focused plans, increase productivity and optimize the use of resources.
In more detail, you can learn SMART as follows:
Specific
As the name suggests, goals must be made specifically so they don't float away. When the goals are specific, it is easier to focus efforts and allocate resources effectively.
For example, specific goals can help answer your core questions such as:
What is the aim of this project?
Why is such a method used?
Who is responsible for the project?
Where is the project location taking place?
What requirements and requirements are needed for the project to run?
Measurable (Measurable)
Measure means measurable, where the goal must be measurable in each process clearly.
With this concept, it will be easier for you to monitor whether the goal has been achieved or not.
Apart from that, measuring goals also makes it easier to develop strategies to achieve existing targets.
To make goals measurable, ask yourself these things:
How much does it cost?
How much time will it take?
How do you know if it's finished or not?
Achievable (Can be achieved)
A goal is made to be achieved. Therefore, this goal must be achievable.
However, to make it easier to achieve you have to define it well enough to actually achieve it. Try asking yourself these questions to find out.
How can this goal be achieved?
Are the goals realistic and affordable?
Realistic (Realistic)
The goals you set must be realistic. This means that even with obstacles you can achieve them with existing resources. For this reason, before deciding, you can ask yourself this:
Are the goals realistic and achievable?
Is the goal achievable, given the time and resources available?
How committed are you to achieving your goals?
Does this seem useful?
Is this the right time to implement these goals?
Does it suit your efforts and needs?
Timely - Timely
The goals you create should be time-bound because they have start and finish dates. If you don't set a time limit, of course there will be no urgency and motivation to achieve the goal. To make your goals come true on time, you can ask yourself these things:
When?
What should I do in three months?
What should I do per week?
What can I do today?
Advantages and Examples of Application of the SMART Method
Apart from knowing what the SMART method is, it is important for you to also understand the advantages of each element.
This aims to be able to formulate goals more effectively, leading to results that are more measurable, achievable and relevant.
Here are some advantages of using the SMART method:
Helps stay on target
The SMART method brings clarity and focus to goal setting. By setting specific, measurable, and targeted goals, individuals or teams can better identify their priorities.
For example, a company sets a goal of increasing market share by 15 percent in six months. They diversify their products to focus on marketing and product development strategies that support goal achievement.
By avoiding ambiguous goals, this method ensures that resources and efforts are directed to the most strategic areas.
Structured planning
The SMART method encourages structured and detailed planning. Each element of SMART requires in-depth thinking about the steps necessary to achieve the goal.
For example, to increase sales of a new product, structured planning involves market research, marketing strategy, sales team training, and regular evaluation. Good planning helps prevent confusion or strategic mistakes, optimizes the use of resources and increases the chances of success.
Faster identification of missed targets
The time element in the SMART method provides a clear time basis. This helps detect targets that might otherwise be missed.
For example, if a project must be completed in three months, a clear deadline allows the team to continuously monitor progress on that target.
With this process, the team can later identify potential obstacles or delays and take corrective action before it is too late.
It's easier to visualize what you want
The SMART method creates a clear and accessible picture of the goals to be achieved.
The involvement of specific, measurable and targeted elements helps in easier visualization.
For example, to achieve work-life balance, analyzing the definition of “balance” in detail can help plan the necessary positive steps.
Clear visualization will also help motivate you or your team by providing a clear view of the desired end result.
Make big goals easy to achieve
The SMART method presents a gradual approach to achieving big goals.
By breaking down big goals into smaller, measurable subgoals, feelings of overwhelm can be minimized.
For example, if the long-term goal includes developing a revolutionary product, the steps might include research, concept testing and feedback.
This approach ensures steady progress, prevents frustration and increases motivation to achieve the final goal.
Targets can be completed one by one
Focusing on achievable goals helps prevent feelings of overwhelm and disappointment.
By breaking down goals into smaller, measurable steps, individuals or teams can celebrate incremental achievements.
For example, if the goal is to expand market share, you can start by engaging in marketing strategies that are more focused on the target segment.
Success in achieving these small steps increases self-confidence and maintains enthusiasm to achieve the final goal.
That is the meaning of the SMART method and its advantages as well as examples that you can find out about.
Overall, this method increases the effectiveness of goal setting by providing a structured approach that emphasizes clarity, accountability, and motivation.
Ultimately, the use of the SMART method will lead to increased success in achieving the desired results.
Next, you can improve your problem solving and decision making skills to overcome challenges and make more effective decisions. You can take part in the short Problem Solving & Decision Making program from Prasmul Eli.
Over three days, you will gain skills through learning that includes:
Identify problems in a measurable manner and have a sense of urgency/importance
Determining improvement targets using the SMART principle
Identify the root of the problem with 5 WHY analysis
Fishbone and Pareto
Development of creative solutions with SCAMPER
Selection of alternative solutions using a decision matrix
Identify potential problems and mitigate risks
Implementation plan with Gantt chart
Control monitoring, Completed
Interesting right? What are you waiting for, register yourself here now!
